Atlas.ti workshop sample coding

At the Atlas.ti coding workshop in June 2021, participants were divided into four groups and asked to try coding one of two interviews from the Cambodia scoping research, as shared by Gayathri Lokuge, using either an "inductive" (data-driven) or "deductive" (concept-driven) coding approach.

See Coding strategies in Atlas.ti for an outline of the process followed.

Interview 3

TRANSCRIPT: Cambodia scoping interview 03

Group 1 / INDUCTIVE coding

Codes

• Age [COMMENT: age of the respondent]
• Description of her day
• Dry fish
• Eating Habits
• Facebook
• Family
• Family- origin
• Privileges

Quotations

quotation	codes
This was a middle aged couple, who were very friendly and spoke to us at length. Time to time the man did contribute to the discussion, but let his wife respond to us mostly.	Age
He showed us pictures of their daughter, the Face Book site of their daughter’s salon, a picture of his son-in-law at an important looking meeting	Facebook
He showed us pictures of their daughter, the Face Book site of their daughter’s salon, a picture of his son-in-law at an important looking meeting, in full suits, and a picture of his grand-son on his phone. It was obvious that he was very proud of them.	Family- origin
They had dried beef, pork sausages and dried snake in their stall.	Eating Habits
hey have two grand children and both of them go to Institut du Francais Cambodge, for their studies and Leabphea says that this is a really prestigious school, not only expensive but that only the elite of Cambodia can attend this school.	Family- origin
had asked whether it was a school trip and she said no, they went on a holiday, father, mother and kids.
elite of Cambodia	Privileges
overseas trip, to Finland.	Privileges
my mom was originally from mainland China and my dad is a half-blood Chinese (Kon kat chen កូនកាត់ចិន).	Family- origin
he changed to sell dried fish instead.	Dry fish
income that we earned. We are just a middle-income family. I have my husband to take over	Family
do all the house chores and cook while my husband will usually get dressed and leave to open the stall before me. I will come to the stall after him once I have done the cooking and pack it for our lunch.	Description of her day
Face Book site of their daughter’s salon, a picture of his son-in-law at an important looking meeting, in full suits, and a picture of his grand-son on his phone.

Group 2 / DEDUCTIVE coding

Codes

• Credit relations
• Family business
• Family labour
• Gendered labour
• Income
• Migration
• Mooi
• Pride in the family
• social relations
• Societal cultural norms
• Trading routes, etc
• traditional business relations
• Trust relations

Quotations

quotation	codes
This was a middle aged couple, who were very friendly and spoke to us at length. Time to time the man did contribute to the discussion, but let his wife respond to us mostly. He showed us pictures of their daughter, the Face Book site of their daughter’s salon, a picture of his son-in-law at an important looking meeting, in full suits, and a picture of his grand-son on his phone. It was obvious that he was very proud of them	Pride in the family
They had dried beef, pork sausages and dried snake in their stall.	Family business
They have two grand children and both of them go to Institut du Francais Cambodge, for their studies and Leabphea says that this is a really prestigious school, not only expensive but that only the elite of Cambodia can attend this school.	Pride in the family
Leabphea- man showed the picture of the grand son to us and the woman said they had just returned from an overseas trip, to Finland. L had asked whether it was a school trip and she said no, they went on a holiday, father, mother and kids.	Pride in the family
Before the Khmer Rouge, my mom sells fresh fish. But when the KR ended, she changed to sell dried fish instead.	Family business
“my mom was originally from mainland China and my dad is a half-blood Chinese (Kon kat chen កូនកាត់ចិន	Migration
We were all depending on this trade.	Family business
Me and my oldest sister spent time at the stall and help my parents to sell.	Family labour
Then only two of us started selling on our own
My husband and I only run this business	Family labour
I have my husband to take over the task if I am sick	Family labour
So, all of our daily expense will be covered by the income that we earned	Income
I do all the house chores and cook while my husband will usually get dressed and leave to open the stall before me. I will come to the stall after him once I have done the cooking and pack it for our lunch.	Gendered labour
My daughter’s marriage was an arranged marriage (father saying)	Societal cultural norms
“about the dried fish trade, of course, there is trust between us and our buyer	Trust relations
We do face some difficulties while we do trade with people. Those who used to cheat on us, we stop trading with them	Trust relations
Most of our Mooi will usually take the product first then pay back one or two days after and sometime it goes up to one week	Mooi
The estimated money is around 1 or 2 million riels.	Credit relations
I supply to every province and phnom penh. Before I transport the product and get the money through taxi. For now, I only use taxi for delivering the product to Mooi and use money transaction services such as True money or Wing	Trading routes, etc
Sometime, my mooi recommend my stall to others and once they come, they mostly become my new mooi. Some of my mooi also come to find a trusted seller like me by themselves. I have one mooi whose their mother used to be my Mooi.	traditional business relations
hey sell dried-fish at Battambong province. And my sister and I have different mooi. Their business was passed from the mother to the daughter	traditional business relations
“ I join every social event that I was invited to. To maintain a good relationship and to show reciprocity among my peers (traders in orussey), I will go to their important day and ceremony. They will also come to my events as well	social relations
With my moois, I would go to provinces to join them but only if they are very close to me and I considered as sibling. Otherwise, I would have only sent money.”	Credit relations
This was a middle aged couple, who were very friendly and spoke to us at length. Time to time the man did contribute to the discussion, but let his wife respond to us mostly. He showed us pictures of their daughter, the Face Book site of their daughter’s salon, a picture of his son-in-law at an important looking meeting, in full suits, and a picture of his grand-son on his phone. It was obvious that he was very proud of them. They had dried beef, pork sausages and dried snake in their stall.	? Review

Interview 6

TRANSCRIPT: Cambodia scoping interview 06

Group 3 / DEDUCTIVE coding

Codes

• ADAPTATION
• ADAPTATION: livelihood shift
• aspirations
• Culture
• family business
• family relationships
• Honest trader
• illegal activities
• LIVELIHOOD
• POLITICAL ECONOMY
• SOCIAL RELATIONS
• SOCIAL RELATIONS: customer
• SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
• SOCIAL RELATIONS: seller
• trading partners
• wellbeing factors

Quotations

quotation	codes
This business belonged to my mom and I help her with it	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
Prahok has no expiration date and it is what Cambodian people can’t live without so now we can sustain our income through this trade	LIVELIHOOD, ADAPTATION
While my mom is away, I will take care of all tasks at the market. I have 3 younger brothers. They are all working for the government.	SOCIAL RELATIONS, LIVELIHOOD, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
“This business belonged to my mom and I help her with it. She started the business almost 30 years ago from now. First, it was not Prahok Trade.	LIVELIHOOD, family business
Although we sell the same product if they have a good relations with us, we will go to any social events that they invited us	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: seller, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
She tried various types of trade but none of them were a success. Then, she changed to Prahok	ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION: livelihood shift
Those mooi who buy a lot of kilogram, they will take credit. I don’t really want to let my mooi to take any credit for now because there are a lot of cheating case which happened to me.	LIVELIHOOD, SOCIAL RELATIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, SOCIAL RELATIONS: customer
Some would come to the market and find their own trusted seller
Prahok has no expiration date and it is what Cambodian people can’t live without so now we can sustain our income through this trade.	Culture
Before, my husband sold motorbikes . Unfortunately, it did not yield a lot of profit and I need help so he decided to quit his business and help with the trade.	ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION: livelihood shift
I did not see my future by working with private company so I switched the job (no holiday and don’t like me being bossed around). Another reason is that my mom is getting old now, also the people who are in debt to us will need time to repay and if I don’t join the trade we will not be able to collect the debt	wellbeing factors
If I am sick, my mom will take care of my children	family relationships
Before I joined my mom, I was working for a mobile company called Mfone. I did not see my future by working with private company so I switched the job (no holiday and don’t like me being bossed around)
One works for National Audit Authority. One works for Electricity Board of Cambodia and the other one is a lawyer.	LIVELIHOOD
My grandparents are mainland Chinese.	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
They sold cigarettes without paying tariff by importing it from foreign countries (rot pun ba rey	illegal activities
it is not only us that sell prahok. There are many people who sell the same as us. Some are a good friend but some don’t even talk to u	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: seller
All of my mom’s siblings no longer earn money. Their children are taking care of them now. But before that they were moto taxi driver.	LIVELIHOOD, SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
I think my mom is an honest and good trader. She fights so hard for this trade. I could not call myself a trader yet. I still need to learn a lot of thing from my mom. And I hope I could be a good trader like her. She told me that be an honest trader, you will never fail	SOCIAL RELATIONS, LIVELIHOOD, SOCIAL RELATIONS: family
While my mom is away, I will take care of all tasks at the market. I have 3 younger brothers. They are all working for the government. One works for National Audit Authority. One works for Electricity Board of Cambodia and the other one is a lawyer. My grandparents are mainland Chinese.	family relationships
my husband does the trade with m
my husband does the trade with me	trading partners
But mooi in Phnom Penh are more than mooi from provinces (4-5 mooi in each province). We also have a lot of inter-generation mooi (both province and PP). Not all of my mooi was recommended by my previous mooi.	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: customer
Those mooi who buy a lot of kilogram, they will take credit. I don’t really want to let my mooi to take any credit for now because there are a lot of cheating case which happened to me.	SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS: customer
my husband does the trade with me. We know each other in high school and got married. It is a love marriage between us. Before, my husband sold motorbikes . Unfortunately, it did not yield a lot of profit and I need help so he decided to quit his business and help with the trade.	LIVELIHOOD, ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION: livelihood shift
I could buy 2-3 flats (apartments) with that credit if they pay me back.	aspirations
All of my mom’s siblings no longer earn money. Their children are taking care of them now. But before that they were moto taxi driver.”	SOCIAL RELATIONS
“ I think my mom is an honest and good trader. She fights so hard for this trade. I could not call myself a trader yet. I still need to learn a lot of thing from my mom. And I hope I could be a good trader like her. She told me that be an honest trader, you will never fail
I think my mom is an honest and good trader. She fights so hard for this trade. I could not call myself a trader yet. I still need to learn a lot of thing from my mom. And I hope I could be a good trader like her. She told me that be an honest trader, you will never fai
think my mom is an honest and good trader. She fights so hard for this trade. I could not call myself a trader yet. I still need to learn a lot of thing from my mom. And I hope I could be a good trader like her. She told me that be an honest trader, you will never fail	Honest trader

Group 4 / Interview 6 / INDUCTIVE coding

Codes

• "cheating"
• "competition"
• "credit"
• "honesty"
• "mooi"
• "prahoc"
• "Tong Tin"
• economic relations
• family
• intergenerational learning
• livelihood: reason
• livelihoods
• product: consumer preference
• product: other
• segment: labour
• segment: trading
• social relations

Quotations

quotation	codes
This business belonged to my mom and I help her with it	family
First, it was not Prahok Trade. She tried various types of trade but none of them were a success. Then, she changed to Prahok. Prahok has no expiration date and it is what Cambodian people can’t live without so now we can sustain our income through this trade.	"prahoc"
Prahok has no expiration date and it is what Cambodian people can’t live without so now we can sustain our income through this trade.	product: consumer preference
Before I joined my mom, I was working for a mobile company called Mfone	livelihoods
cheating	"cheating"
I did not see my future by working with private company so I switched the job (no holiday and don’t like me being bossed around).	livelihood: reason
I don’t play Tong Tin since there are a lot of cheating cases happened. The estimated number is 80% of people in the market that play Tong tin	"Tong Tin"
For mooi, I have from all provinces and phnom penh. But mooi in Phnom Penh are more than mooi from provinces (4-5 mooi in each province). We also have a lot of inter-generation mooi (both province and PP). Not all of my mooi was recommended by my previous mooi. Some would come to the market and find their own trusted seller. For social events, I always go to my Mooi’ social events in Phnom Penh. It is different from those who are living in the provinces. If I am free or any of my relatives are there, we will go. Those mooi who buy a lot of kilogram, they will take credit. I don’t really want to let my mooi to take any credit for now because there are a lot of cheating case which happened to me. I could buy 2-3 flats (apartments) with that credit if they pay me back. Mooi from provinces might come to pay the credit by themselves or use Wing or Truemoney. Some people use their own car to transport the product but some will get it through taxi.”	"mooi", economic relations
Another reason is that my mom is getting old now, also the people who are in debt to us will need time to repay and if I don’t join the trade we will not be able to collect the debt.	livelihood: reason
I did not see my future by working with private company so I switched the job (no holiday and don’t like me being bossed around).	livelihood: reason
credit	"credit"
Those mooi who buy a lot of kilogram, they will take credit. I don’t really want to let my mooi to take any credit for now because there are a lot of cheating case which happened to me. I could buy 2-3 flats (apartments) with that credit if they pay me back. Mooi from provinces might come to pay the credit by themselves or use Wing or Truemoney.	"cheating"
I have 3 younger brothers.
Those mooi who buy a lot of kilogram, they will take credit. I don’t really want to let my mooi to take any credit for now because there are a lot of cheating case which happened to me.	"credit"
I have 3 younger brothers. They are all working for the government. One works for National Audit Authority. One works for Electricity Board of Cambodia and the other one is a lawyer. My grandparents are mainland Chinese.	family
My grandparents are mainland Chinese
Some are a good friend but some don’t even talk to us. I think it is more like a competition than a cooperation. Although we sell the same product if they have a good relations with us, we will go to any social events that they invited us.	social relations
Tonle Sap
it is not only us that sell prahok. There are many people who sell the same as us.	"prahoc"
She will go to Provinces (around Tonle Sap) to buy the products (not only prohok, mum..) and stock it at our stall	product: other
rot pun ba rey
Before, my husband sold motorbikes . Unfortunately, it did not yield a lot of profit and I need help so he decided to quit his business and help with the trade.	livelihoods
“my husband does the trade with me. We know each other in high school and got married. It is a love marriage between us. Before, my husband sold motorbikes . Unfortunately, it did not yield a lot of profit and I need help so he decided to quit his business and help with the trade. He holds a bachelor degree. With his help, I could save money for hiring people (at the stall). All of us are originally from in PP. All of my mom’s siblings no longer earn money. Their children are taking care of them now. But before that they were moto taxi driver.”	family
All of my mom’s siblings no longer earn money. Their children are taking care of them now. But before that they were moto taxi driver.”	livelihoods
I think my mom is an honest and good trader. She fights so hard for this trade. I could not call myself a trader yet. I still need to learn a lot of thing from my mom. And I hope I could be a good trader like her. She told me that be an honest trader, you will never fail.”	family, intergenerational learning, segment: trading
honest	"honesty"
With his help, I could save money for hiring people (at the stall).	segment: labour
She will go to Provinces (around Tonle Sap) to buy the products (not only prohok, mum..) and stock it at our stall.