DFM Kerala 2021 Household consumption survey

Dried Fish Matters: Mapping the social economy of dried fish in South and Southeast Asia for enhanced wellbeing and nutrition. A Study on the Consumption of dried fish in Kerala

Survey location

1. State
2. District
3. Mandal/Taluk
4. Village/Panchayat/Municipality

Household identification

1. Caste/ Social category (1= SC, 2=ST,3=BC,4= OC)
2. Religion (1= Hindu, 2=Christian,3= Muslim,4= Jain,5= Buddhist, 6=Others)
3. Type of Family (1=Nuclear,2=Joint family, 3=Extended, 4=Single member, 5=Any Other / specify)
4. Type of Ration Card (1= BPL, 2= APL, 3=Annapurna, 4= Antyodaya, 5= No card)
5. Type of house (1= Pucca; 2= Semi pucca; 3= katcha)
6. Is this your own house? (Yes/ No)
7. Since when are you living here?
8. If migrated from outside, when did you or your family come to this place? (Year)
9. From where did you migrate?
10. What was the reason for migration?
11. Do you own any land? (Yes/ No)
    • If yes, total land owned (acres/cents)
12. Total Irrigated land (acres/cents)
13. Major crops grown now
14. Major crops grown 10 years previously

Demographic Particulars

Member ID	Relation to head (Code 1)	Age (years) Below 1 yr put “00”	Gender 1= Male 2=Female 3= Others	Marital status (Code 2)	Education (Code 3)	Occupation (in terms of income contribution)] (Code 4)
						Primary	Secondary
	1	2	3	4	5	5	6
1*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

* Household member 1 is the primary respondent

Code 1: 1=Head; 2= Spouse of head; 3=Daughter / Son; 4=Grandchild, 5=Mother/Father; 6= Sister/ Brother; 7=Mother in law/father in law; 8= Sister in law/brother in law; 9= Son in law/Daughter in law; 10= any other

Code 2: 1= Married; 2=Unmarried; 3=Widowed; 4=Separated/Divorced, 5= Underage

Code 3: 1= Illiterate; 2= Literate without formal schooling; 3= Primary; 4= Middle; 5=Matriculate; 6= Intermediate; 7=Diploma; 8=Graduate; 9 =Post Graduate; 10=Professional Degree, 99=NA

Code 4: 1= Own-farm agriculture; 2= Agriculture labour; 3= Non-Agrl labour; 4= Self owned small business; 5=Salaried in private enterprise; 6=Salaried in Govt enterprise; 7= Livestock maintenance; 8= Old/handicapped; 9=Student; 10=Dependent/ not working; 11=Housewife, 12= Other (specify), 88=NA

Food habits of the household

1. Do you or your household consume non-vegetarian food at least few times a year? (Yes/ No)
2. If yes, please tell us how often do you consume the following items at home?

Item	Number of times consumed (Use codes given below)	If yes, how much quantity do you or your family consume in a day (specify number and units)	If no, give codes for the reasons (Use codes given below)	Remarks
Fresh Fish
Dried Fish
Prawn (Fresh)
Prawn (Dried)
Egg (no)
Chicken
Beef
Other meat (specify)
Other meat (specify)

If yes: 1= Everyday; 2= Once in a week; 3= 3 to 6 times a week; 4= Once every 2 weeks; 5= Twice a week; 6= Once a month; 7= Only on special occasions; 8=Consume only from restaurants or for outside functions; 8 = Others (Specify)

If no: please tell us the reasons for not consuming (1= Religious reasons; 2= Health reasons; 3= Too expensive; 4= Do not like it; 5= Not used to eating it; 6= No specific reason; 7= neighbors’ objection due to smell of cooking; 8 = Others (Specify)

Food Habits and choices of the households

Where do you normally buy fish and what is your preferred way of cooking it?

	Name of fish	Source of purchase	Reason for buying from this source	Preferred way of cooking
Dried fish	1
	2
	3
	4
	5
Fresh fish	1
	2
	3
	4
	5

Source of purchase: 1= Local retail shop; 2= door to door seller; 3= supermarket; 4= local fish only shop; 5= Others (Specify)

Reason for buying: 1= nearest available; 2= Cheap; 3= Good Quality; 4= Reliable; 5= others (specify)

Preferred way of cooking: 1= Curry; 2= Fried; 3= Grilled; 4= Cook with other vegetables; 5= in chutney; 6= cook using firewood in traditional Chula; 7= Others (Specify)

1. How do you normally assess the quality of dried fish you buy? (1= color; 2= smell; 3= moisture content; 4= presence of dust and other dirt; 5= smell of pesticides or preservatives; 6= texture; 7= appearance; 8= packaging; 9= all of the above)
2. During which meal do you normally eat dried fish? (1= Dinner; 2= Lunch; 3= Breakfast; 4= for special preparations; 5= no specific preference; 6= Others / Specify)
3. Who in the family normally decides when to buy any type of fish?
4. What is the primary factor determining the quantity of fresh fish you purchase at a time? (1= based on price; 2= based quality; 3= according to the number of members in the family; 4=to keep for few days; 5= others / specify)
5. What is the primary factor determining the quantity of dried fish you purchase at a time? (1= based on price; 2= based quality; 3= taking into account the number of members in the family; 4=to keep for few days; 5= others / specify)
6. Who in the family normally prepares dried fish dishes?
7. What are the major types of dried fish that was consumed by your household recently?
8. What are the major types of dried fish consumed earlier, say about 5-10 years ago? Are there any changes in the types of fish consumed? If so, why?
9. Do you think that there has been a change in the number of times you purchase dried fish as compared to 5-10 years ago?
10. Do you think there has been a change in the quantity of dried fish consumed by your family as compared to 5-10 years ago? If so, how it has changed and why?
11. Do you think that there has been a change in the number of times that you purchase dried fish as compared to purchase of fresh fish? If so, how it has changed and why?
12. Do you think there has been a change in the quantity of dried fish consumed by the family as compared to consumption of fresh fish? If so, how it has changed and why?
13. Do you think there has been a change in the quantity of all types of fish (fresh and dried including prawns) consumed by the family as compared to 5-10 years before? If so, how it has changed and why?
14. Do all the members in your family eat dried fish? If not, who does not eat? What is the reason for not eating? Does he or she disapprove eating of dried fish by others in the family?
15. Do all members in your family eat fresh fish? If not, who does not eat? What is the reason for not eating? Does he or she disapprove eating of fresh fish by others in the family?
16. Do you eat similar quantities of dried fish across all seasons or months (e.g., summer, rainy season etc.)? If not, during which season/months do you consume more of dried fish? Why do you prefer more of dried fish in this season?
17. Ask this question, if there are children below 5 years in the family: Do you give dried fish to children below 5 years in your family?
    • If yes, what types of dried fish dishes do you give them?
    • If not, why you do not give them dried fish? From what age onwards do you give dried fish to children?
18. Do you prepare any special or traditional combinations of food or dishes with dried fish? (eg. Tapioca and dried fish; dried prawn and jackfruit seed curry) Please specify the combinations.
19. Are there any special days or occasions on which you prepare special dishes made of dried fish? If yes, give details.
20. Are there any special occasions on which you refrain from eating fish and other non-veg food for any religious reasons? (eg. Certain days of the week, Festivals, birthdays, anniversaries etc.) Please specify separately for dried fish.
21. Has the varieties and quantities of fresh fish consumed by you and your family changed over the last ten years? (Yes/ No)
22. How has the quantity of fresh fish eaten over these years changed? (eat more of fresh marine fish now, eat less of marine now, eat more of fresh water fish now, eat less of fresh now, eat different types of fresh now, eat more of dried fish now)
23. Has the varieties and quantity of dried fish consumed by you and your family changed over the last ten years?
24. How has the quantity of dried fish eaten over these years’ changes? (eat more now, eat less now, eat different types now, etc.)
25. Has the frequency of eating fresh fish by your family changed over the last 10 years? Please provide details.
26. Has the frequency of eating dried fish by your family changed over the last 10 years? Please provide details.
27. Has the frequency of eating meat by your family changed over the last 10 years? Please provide details.
28. How do you normally remove salt from dried fish before cooking?
29. How do you normally preserve dried fish?

Food preferences and fish consumption of household members

1. Who in your family most likes dried fish?
2. Who in your family gets the best portion or parts of the dried fish? What is the part of the fish considered as best? (Specify for each major species)
3. Who in your family most likes fresh fish?
4. Who in your family gets the best portion or parts of the fresh fish? What is the part of the fish considered as best? (Specify for each major species)
5. Who in your family has least preference for dried fish? Why?
6. Who in your family has least preference for fresh fish and prawns? Why?
7. Please rank the food of choice (among non-vegetarian food) of your family in the following occasions.

Item	On normal days	On weekends or holidays	Special Occasions	While eating out
Fresh Fish
Dried Fish
Prawn (Fresh)
Prawn (Dried)
Others (Specify)
Egg
Chicken
Beef
Other meat (specify
Other meat (specify)

Could you please provide details of consumption of the following food items in your household?

Fish type	During the last 7 days					During the last 30 days
	Quantity consumed each day		Amt spent	No. of times consumed in 7 days	Shared among how many members	Quantity consumed each day			Amt spent	No. of times consumed during last 30 days	Shared among how many members
	Qty	Unit				Qty	Unit
Fresh Fish
Dried Fish
Prawn (Fresh)
Prawn (Dried)
Others (Specify)
Egg
Chicken
Beef
Other meat (specify
Other meat (specify)
Other food items	X	X		X		X	X			X

Perceptions about consumption of fish

1. Do you think dried fish is a nutritious food?
2. Do you know what sort of nutrition dried fish gives?
3. Do you believe that consuming dried fish causes any health issues? If yes, what health issues (Specify)
4. Are you satisfied with the quality of dried fish available in the market? (Yes/ No) If not, why are you not satisfied?

Other

1. What is your household annual income? (One l.5 lakh / Between 1.5 to 3 lakhs / Between 3 to 5 lakhs / Between 5 to 10 lakhs / Above 10 lakhs)
2. Are you aware of any media reports about quantity and quality of fish and fish products? Please provide details.
3. Do the reports influence your consumption decisions?
4. Do you have any suggestions for improving the quality of dried fish available in the market?
5. Do you have any suggestions for improving the availability of dried fish in the market?
6. Do you have suggestions regarding the varieties of dried fish products to be made available in the market?

Concluding script

Thank you for participating in this study.

We expect that the information you have provided will contribute to our knowledge of the dried fish sector, and that it will help us to develop better policies across this region.

Do you have any questions you would like to ask, or comments you would like to make?

(Ask if applicable) May we contact you again in the future for follow-up questions? You are under no obligation to say yes, and even if you agree now you are free to decline a follow-up interview if we contact you later.

1. Name of the investigator
2. Date of Interview
3. Duration of interview